pdq endometrial cancer

Several methods of biopsy exist (e.g., Pipelle, Tao Brush, and Uterine Explora Curette) to identify endometrial pathology. : Modification of the Associations Between Duration of Oral Contraceptive Use and Ovarian, Endometrial, Breast, and Colorectal Cancers. [] Endometrial cancer is primarily a disease of postmenopausal women, with a mean age at diagnosis of … : Endometrial cancer: socioeconomic status and racial/ethnic differences in stage at diagnosis, treatment, and survival. Clinical Trial Information. Aarnio M, Sankila R, Pukkala E, et al. Bandera EV, Kushi LH, Gifkins DM, et al. Int J Gynecol Cancer 5 (3): 233-235, 1995. There is no evidence that routine screening sonohysterography will confer clinical benefit. A comparison of TVU and endometrial aspiration was conducted among asymptomatic postmenopausal women potentially eligible for an osteoporosis prevention trial [8] as part of determination of eligibility for randomization. Although not statistically different, the standardized incidence ratio decreased further in women who had purchased two LNG-IUS (0.25; 95% CI, 0.05–0.73; 3 observed cases compared with 12 expected cases). A population-based prospective cohort study in Norway evaluated a cohort of 104,380 women, which included 9,146 women who identified as ever-users of LNG-IUS. J Clin Oncol 24 (4): 587-92, 2006. Gynecol Oncol 91 (1): 154-9, 2003. Kidney Cancer. This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about endometrial cancer prevention. Davidson BJ, Gambone JC, Lagasse LD, et al. : Association of exogenous estrogen and endometrial carcinoma. [69] Evidence suggests an association between bariatric surgery and a decreased risk of endometrial cancer. The majority of cases are diagnosed at an early stage and are amenable to treatment with surgery alone. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR, et al. Gynecol Oncol 149 (1): 127-132, 2018. 615 Chestnut St., 17th Floor Philadelphia, PA 19106-4404 USA Telephone: 215-440-9300 … Published recommendations for screening certain groups of It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians who care for cancer patients. Use of oral contraceptives was associated with an increased RR of stroke or myocardial infarction of 60% (risk ratio, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3–1.9). Magnitude of Effect: The associated risk of endometrial cancer in women who use unopposed estrogen for 5 or more years is at least twofold higher than in women who do not use the hormone, and the risk increases with duration of use. From 2005 to 2014, the number of new cases of endometrial cancer increased slightly in … CA Cancer J Clin 30 (4): 193-240, 1980 Jul-Aug. Smith-Bindman R, Weiss E, Feldstein V: How thick is too thick? : Soya food intake and risk of endometrial cancer among Chinese women in Shanghai: population based case-control study. Dossus L, Allen N, Kaaks R, et al. There is no evidence to suggest that screening women prior to or during estrogen-progestin therapy, also known as hormone therapy, would decrease endometrial cancer mortality. In the case of permitted digital reproduction, please credit the National Cancer Institute as the source and link to the original NCI product using the original product's title; e.g., “Endometrial Cancer Prevention (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version was originally published by the National Cancer Institute.”. Gynecol Oncol 55 (2): 164-8, 1994. : Life-time risk of different cancers in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) syndrome. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. Routine ultrasound surveillance in asymptomatic women using tamoxifen is not useful because of its low specificity and low positive predictive value. Stage IIIC endometrial cancer. presumptive benefit.[6]. While the greatest reduction in risk occurred after a total duration of breastfeeding of greater than 36 months (adjusted pooled OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.53–0.83), for individual episodes of breastfeeding, breastfeeding one child beyond 3 months was associated with a 5% reduction in risk (adjusted pooled OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91–0.99). : Randomized double-blind trial of estrogen replacement therapy versus placebo in stage I or II endometrial cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 37 (1): , 2018. : The effect of raloxifene on risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: results from the MORE randomized trial. Gynecol Oncol 129 (2): 277-84, 2013. Number 169, February 1996. This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of endometrial cancer.It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. The PDQ Screening and Prevention Editorial Board uses a formal evidence ranking system in developing its level-of-evidence designations. More Cancer Res 52 (14): 3865-70, 1992. Use of LNG-IUS are an effective treatment for endometrial hyperplasia, which in some cases is a precursor to endometrial cancer and early-stage low-risk endometrial cancer.[62-64]. : Endometrial cancer: stage at diagnosis and associated factors in black and white patients. Obstet Gynecol 96 (2): 266-70, 2000. replace or update an existing article that is already cited. Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. [58], Oral contraceptive usage confers a long-term reduction in the risk of endometrial cancer. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. Obstet Gynecol 125 (1): 89-98, 2015. Based on solid evidence, more than 2 years of tamoxifen use is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. The incidence rate of endometrial cancer per 1,000 person-years was 1.1 in those who underwent bariatric surgery compared with 2 in the obese control group who received usual care (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.35–0.89). JAMA Oncol 4 (4): 516-521, 2018. Obes Surg 28 (5): 1433-1440, 2018. However, an author would be permitted to write a sentence such as “NCI’s PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks succinctly: [include excerpt from the summary].”. : Hysterectomy-Corrected Uterine Corpus Cancer Incidence Trends and Differences in Relative Survival Reveal Racial Disparities and Rising Rates of Nonendometrioid Cancers. Cummings SR, Eckert S, Krueger KA, et al. Obstet Gynecol 104 (5 Pt 1): 1030-3, 2004. Am J Obstet Gynecol 165 (2): 317-20; discussion 320-2, 1991. : Adjuvant tamoxifen in early breast cancer: occurrence of new primary cancers. Br J Cancer 111 (7): 1432-9, 2014. Cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the pelvis and/or around the aorta (the largest artery in the body, which carries blood away from the heart). Separate PDQ summaries on Endometrial Cancer Prevention; Endometrial Clinical Trial Information. Rutqvist LE, Mattsson A: Cardiac and thromboembolic morbidity among postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer in a randomized trial of adjuvant tamoxifen. Aarnio M, Mecklin JP, Aaltonen LA, et al. Gusberg SB: Hormone-dependence of endometrial cancer. Although the incidence of endometrial cancer is lower among black women, mortality is higher. Other factors associated with increased risk, such as obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome, may also be related to increased estrogen exposure. Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies on Endometrial Cancer: Endometrial cancer and oral contraceptives: an individual participant meta-analysis of 27 276 women with endometrial cancer from 36 epidemiological studies. Ann Oncol 26 (8): 1635-48, 2015. Aune D, Navarro Rosenblatt DA, Chan DS, et al. In the case of permitted digital reproduction, please credit the National Cancer Institute as the source and link to the original NCI product using the original product's title; e.g., “Endometrial Cancer Screening (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version was originally published by the National Cancer Institute.”. Although TVU can be used to evaluate asymptomatic and occult endometrial pathology, the technique has not been evaluated as a screening method for reducing mortality in asymptomatic women. This can help find cancer at an early stage. Endometrial cancer is the most common invasive gynecologic cancer in U.S. Committee on Gynecologic Practice. Endometrial Cancer Screening (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version Summary of Evidence. Ziel HK, Finkle WD: Increased risk of endometrial carcinoma among users of conjugated estrogens. [50], A meta-analysis of prospective studies observed an RR of 1.39 (95% CI, 1.29–1.49) among nonusers and 1.09 (95% CI, 1.02–1.16) among HT users for each 5 kg increase in adult weight gain. Magnitude of Effect: Use of oral contraceptives for 5 years was associated with an RR reduction of 24% (risk ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.73–0.78) and persisted for more than 30 years. J Natl Cancer Inst 89 (15): 1110-6, 1997. N Engl J Med 294 (23): 1262-7, 1976. In one study, women who underwent bariatric surgery had a 35% decrease in blood estradiol levels 1 year after surgery. : Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of endometrial cancer: Cohort Consortium Vitamin D Pooling Project of Rarer Cancers. Barakat RR, Bundy BN, Spirtos NM, et al. Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, Mi MP: Early-age body size, adult weight gain and endometrial cancer risk. Board members will not respond to individual inquiries. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Many factors affect the risk of developing endometrial cancer, including: Obesity [12], An association between postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy and endometrial cancer was reported in 1975 [13] and confirmed soon after. This section describes the latest Smith RA, Cokkinides V, Eyre HJ: American Cancer Society Guidelines for the Early Detection of Cancer, 2005. [7] In this population, 46% (156) of the women had an ET greater than 4 mm. Vasen HF, Wijnen JT, Menko FH, et al. Clin Obstet Gynecol 39 (3): 629-40, 1996. Hum Reprod 27 (5): 1327-31, 2012. Critchley HO, Warner P, Lee AJ, et al. Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Gallicchio L, Hartmuller V, et al. The endometrium is the lining of the uterus, a hollow, muscular organ in a woman’s pelvis. Swanson CA, Potischman N, Wilbanks GD, et al. In this study, after adjusting for age, parity, smoking, and social class, ever users of combined estrogen/progesterone oral contraceptive pills had an incidence rate ratio of 0.66 (95% CI, 0.48–0.89) compared with never users. ACOG committee opinion. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. However, an analysis of 36,793 women from the WHI cohort [68] whose weight measured at baseline and at 3-year follow-up was combined with self-reported intentionality of weight loss showed an association between intentional weight loss of 10 pounds or more and lower endometrial cancer incidence (multivariable-adjusted RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40–0.92). Kim MK, Seong SJ, Kim JW, et al. The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer. The association between endometrial cancer and tamoxifen was first recognized in 1985 when three cases of endometrial cancer were described in women who had been treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer. [1] This disease primarily affects postmenopausal women at an average age of 60 years at diagnosis. [79-84] Multivitamin use has little or no influence on the risk of common cancers, including endometrial cancer, or on total mortality in postmenopausal women.[85]. Magnitude of Effect: RR of endometrial cancer for women who intentionally lost at least 20 pounds was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.6–1.44). : Breastfeeding and Endometrial Cancer Risk: An Analysis From the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium. information about summary policies and the role of the PDQ Editorial Boards in JAMA 281 (23): 2189-97, 1999. This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about endometrial cancer screening. Watson P, Vasen HF, Mecklin JP, et al. Haoula Z, Salman M, Atiomo W: Evaluating the association between endometrial cancer and polycystic ovary syndrome. [29] Since then, confirmation of the association has been provided by randomized clinical trials using tamoxifen for breast cancer treatment and prevention [30-33] and by case-control, observational, and laboratory studies. Of these, 93 women had ET greater than 6 mm. [70] Mean weight loss after bariatric surgery was 21 kilograms at 10 years, compared with almost no change in weight in the usual care cohort. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. : Endometrial morphology in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Cancer has spread to the vagina and/or to the parametrium (connective tissue and fat around the uterus and cervix). : Continuous Combined Estrogen Plus Progestin and Endometrial Cancer: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial. J Clin Oncol 35 (11): 1189-1193, 2017. Lancet 1 (8630): 117-20, 1989. Magnitude of Effect: Use of oral contraceptives was associated with an absolute increased risk of blood clots of approximately 1 case per 4,465 person-years (95% CI, 4,095–4,797 person-years). Berends MJ, Wu Y, Sijmons RH, et al. Women with Lynch syndrome have an increased risk of endometrial cancer, as do women with a first-degree relative with endometrial cancer. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/types/uterine/hp/endometrial-screening-pdq. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. Grady D, Gebretsadik T, Kerlikowske K, et al. [1] Higher mortality from endometrial cancer in African Americans compared with white women is only partly attributable to lower socioeconomic issues that impair access to care. : Perioperative safety in the longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery. [59] The benefit of oral contraceptive pill use is associated with duration of use, with increasing benefit reported for women who were obese, current smokers, and those who rarely exercise and who used oral contraceptives for 10 years or more. Hysteroscopy is used in the office setting to directly visualize the uterine cavity. Board members will not respond to individual inquiries. This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of endometrial cancer.It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. Volume 8: Fruit and Vegetables. Barakat RR, Wong G, Curtin JP, et al. This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about endometrial cancer prevention. After a woman is diagnosed with endometrial cancer, doctors will try to figure out if it has spread and, if so, how far. : Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: a meta-analysis. It does not provide formal guidelines or reco … Vasen HF, Mecklin JP, Khan PM, et al. Cancer 106 (4): 812-9, 2006. [40,41], Body weight is a modifiable risk factor, which accounts for a substantial proportion of endometrial cases worldwide. [1] Most cases of endometrial cancer are diagnosed because of symptoms, which are nonetheless early stage and have high survival rates. Among women who are HNPCC carriers, the estimated cumulative incidence of endometrial cancer ranges from 20% to 60% by age 70 years (refer to the PDQ summary on Genetics of Colorectal Cancer for more information). Clarke MA, Long BJ, Del Mar Morillo A, et al. Many women with risk factors never develop endometrial cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 173 (2): 414-22; discussion 422-3, 1995. N Engl J Med 293 (23): 1167-70, 1975. Obstet Gynecol 49 (4): 385-9, 1977. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. since 1975, with a transient increase in incidence occurring from 1973 to 1978, which was associated with estrogen therapy, also known as hormone therapy;[3] there was no associated increase in mortality. Questions can also be submitted to Cancer.gov through the website’s Email Us. Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. J Natl Cancer Inst 99 (4): 272-82, 2007. Our syndication services page shows you how. The Stockholm Breast Cancer Study Group. Significantly increased risks were restricted to women 50 years or older at study entry. The evidence is insufficient to conclude whether weight loss is associated with a decreased incidence of endometrial cancer. Tamoxifen is widely used as part of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer and as chemoprevention for women at increased risk of breast cancer. [51], Ever-smokers of at least 20 cigarettes per day have a decreased risk of endometrial cancer, with greater risk reduction in postmenopausal women and in current smokers. The standardized incidence ratio for endometrial cancer after at least one purchase of LNG-IUS was 0.46 (95% CI, 0.33–0.64; 37 observed compared with 80 expected cases). Sarwer DB, Spitzer JC, Wadden TA, et al. [1] Endometrial cancer is primarily a disease of postmenopausal women, with a mean age at diagnosis of 60 years. The incidence rate of endometrial cancer per 100,000 person-years was 13.9 for ever-users of LNG-IUS (95% CI, 7.8–23.0) compared with 70.0 (95% CI, 65.4–74.9) for never-users. the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or NIH. The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about endometrial cancer prevention. A group of researchers used dilation and curettage (D&C) as a gold standard, to evaluate TVU measurement of ET as a predictor of endometrial cancer in women reporting postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) (estrogen-progestin therapy [hormone therapy] and nonhormone therapy users). In a prospective, observational study of 304 women using tamoxifen over 6 years, women underwent annual endovaginal ultrasound screening; women with abnormal ultrasound findings and women who were symptomatic with bleeding all underwent endometrial biopsy. This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of endometrial cancer. Lancet 365 (9470): 1543-51, 2005 Apr 30-May 6. The Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene randomized trial, after 40 months of follow-up, showed that raloxifene reduced the risk of estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer, without increasing endometrial cancer (RR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.2–2.7). Based on solid evidence, cigarette smoking is associated with a decreased risk of endometrial cancer. Of note, this was not a prespecified study endpoint or powered to evaluate incidence of cancer. Cuzick J, Forbes JF, Sestak I, et al. Clarke MA, Devesa SS, Harvey SV, et al. This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about endometrial cancer prevention. When abnormal tissue or cancer is found early, it may be easier to treat. To Learn More About Endometrial Cancer About This PDQ Summary. Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information... Purpose of This Summary. This section describes the latest Atlanta, Ga: American Cancer Society, 2005. Sanyal AJ, Sugerman HJ, Kellum JM, et al. J Clin Oncol 18 (20): 3459-63, 2000. Ann Surg 269 (1): 95-101, 2019. [6] The incidence of endometrioid endometrial cancer has increased 1% to 2% among all racial and ethnic subgroups except non-Hispanic white women, where it has also remained stable across the same period. Fleischer AC, Wheeler JE, Lindsay I, et al. : Diagnostic value of hysteroscopy and hysterosonography in endometrial abnormalities in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. Utilizing the Postmenopausal Estrogen and Progestin Interventions Trial participants who had undergone both TVU and endometrial biopsy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were determined for women who received placebo, estrogen alone, and estrogen-progestin therapy. Cancer Causes Control 11 (7): 663-7, 2000. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. This report is limited by a lack of histology-specific estimates.[12,13]. This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about endometrial cancer prevention. : Estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and endometrial cancer. Am J Public Health 94 (12): 2104-11, 2004. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians who care for cancer patients. Ann Intern Med 110 (3): 177-9, 1989. women, with an estimated 66,570 new cases expected to occur in 2021 and an estimated 12,940 women expected to die of the disease. [76] The highest versus the lowest category of recreational activity was associated with an RR for endometrial cancer of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.58–0.93); the RR of endometrial cancer for the highest versus lowest category of occupational physical activity, based on job classification, was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.68–0.83.) : Risk of localized and widespread endometrial cancer in relation to recent and discontinued use of conjugated estrogens. Evidence suggests that lower income is associated with advanced-stage disease, lower probability of undergoing a hysterectomy, and lower survival rates. Bradley WH, Boente MP, Brooker D, et al. : Anthropometric factors and endometrial cancer risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Lancaster JM, Powell CB, Kauff ND, et al. This summary is written and maintained by the PDQ Screening and Prevention Editorial Board, which is JAMA 280 (17): 1510-7, 1998. The annual rate was 2.2 cases per 1,000 women for those receiving tamoxifen versus 0.68 cases per 1,000 women for those on placebo. Obstet Gynecol 30 (2): 287-93, 1967. Taylor HC: Endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma of the body of the uterus. J Obes 2016: 1871594, 2016. J Clin Oncol 26 (25): 4151-9, 2008. Smith-Bindman R, Kerlikowske K, Feldstein VA, et al. There is inadequate evidence that screening by endometrial sampling (i.e., biopsy) reduces mortality from endometrial cancer. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition observed a decreased risk associated with parity compared with nulliparous women (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.54–0.77) with a trend of decreasing risk with increasing number of full-term pregnancies (P < .0001). There is no evidence that screening these women would decrease mortality from endometrial cancer. Of the 339 participants, 39 (11.5%) were diagnosed with endometrial cancer (four had an ET of 5–7 mm and 35 had an ET >8 mm) based on histopathology from curettage. [37], Elevated body mass index (BMI), obesity, and weight gain are associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. Bariatric surgery is associated with more sustained weight loss compared with nonsurgical intentional weight loss. : Effect of adjuvant tamoxifen on the endometrium in women with breast cancer: a prospective study using office endometrial biopsy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 59 (2): 157-61, 1997. Major differences exist between black and white women in stages of endometrial cancer at detection and at subsequent survival. [22] In addition, progestational agents were known to be effective in the treatment of uterine neoplasms. Gray LA, Christopherson WM, Hoover RN: Estrogens and endometrial carcinoma. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl 19: 21-4, 1972. Using the same cutoffs to define an abnormal ET in asymptomatic women [4] as used in symptomatic women [5] would result in large numbers of false-positive test results and larger numbers of unnecessary referrals for cytological evaluations. : Bariatric Surgery and the Risk of Cancer in a Large Multisite Cohort. Winder AA, Kularatna M, MacCormick AD: Does Bariatric Surgery Affect the Incidence of Endometrial Cancer Development? After adjusting for age and menopausal status at the start of follow-up, BMI, physical activity level, use of oral contraceptive pills, and parity, the RR of endometrial cancer was 0.22 (95% CI, 0.13–0.40) for ever-users of LNG-IUS. Why Commemorate 50 Years of the National Cancer Act? If the same ET cutoff is used among asymptomatic women, the false positives will be extremely high, resulting in a very low positive predictive value. : Cancer risk in families with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer diagnosed by mutation analysis. Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Akhmedkhanov A, Kato I, et al. This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about endometrial cancer prevention. : Dumping syndrome after esophageal, gastric or bariatric surgery: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. : Postmenopausal endogenous oestrogens and risk of endometrial cancer: results of a prospective study. Cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the pelvis and/or around the aorta (the largest artery in the body, which carries blood away from the heart). Dunlop MG, Farrington SM, Carothers AD, et al. Burke W, Petersen G, Lynch P, et al. Cancer Causes Control 11 (9): 829-37, 2000. : Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study. [2], Magnitude of Effect: Women with hyperplasia and atypia have a 40% risk of concurrent cancer. This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about endometrial cancer prevention. Luo J, Chlebowski RT, Hendryx M, et al. [8] Because the risk of endometrial cancer is so high among these women, international guidelines suggest gynecologic surveillance including annual transvaginal ultrasound with endometrial biopsy for women aged 25 to 35 years. Cancer Treatment; Genetics of Breast and Gynecologic Cancers; and Uterine Sarcoma Treatment are also available. Int J Cancer 126 (1): 208-16, 2010. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions. [PMID: 26389229]. The lower risk persisted for more than 30 years after the last use of oral contraceptives. However, it is not approved for use in Canada or the United States. : Multivitamin use and risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease in the Women's Health Initiative cohorts. Int J Cancer 135 (3): 682-94, 2014. : Body mass index, weight gain, and risk of endometrial cancer. [12] Beyond a routine gynecologic examination eliciting any history of abnormal bleeding, it has been recommended that screening studies and procedures for detecting endometrial pathology in women taking tamoxifen should be left to the discretion of the individual gynecologist. Most cases of endometrial cancer (85%) are diagnosed at low stage because of symptoms, and survival rates are high. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians who care for cancer patients. : Overweight as an avoidable cause of cancer in Europe. [52], A meta-analysis examining the association between metabolic syndrome and endometrial cancer observed an increased risk associated with metabolic syndrome (RR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.34–2.67) and with each component of the syndrome (BMI and/or waist circumference, blood pressure, and triglyceride levels), except low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Although the content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text, it cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless it is presented in its entirety and is regularly updated. Am J Obstet Gynecol 54(6): 905-927, 1947. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (8): CD011054, 2015. Simin J, Tamimi R, Lagergren J, et al. [10] (Refer to the PDQ summary on Genetics of Breast and Gynecologic Cancers for additional information on inherited risk. Widra EA, Dunton CJ, McHugh M, et al. Learn More. Br J Cancer 103 (7): 933-8, 2010. Accessed . Michels KA, Pfeiffer RM, Brinton LA, et al. Endometrial cancer risk is associated with endogenous and exogenous factors associated with estrogen effects. [3], Based on solid evidence, unopposed estrogen is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. [21,22] After bariatric surgery, other obesity-related health conditions, such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome are also often improved or resolved. Am J Med 96 (6): 516-20, 1994. Measuring endometrial thickness (ET) with transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) and endometrial sampling with cytological examination have been proposed as possible screening modalities for endometrial cancer. [2] N Engl J Med 337 (25): 1792-8, 1997. [51] Another meta-analysis also observed a stronger association between BMI and the risk of endometrial cancer in never-users of HT than in ever-users of HT. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. [57] The risk reduction associated with increasing total duration of breastfeeding was not linear. : Differences between black and white patients with cancer of the uterine corpus in interval from symptom recognition to initial medical consultation (United States). These designations are intended to help readers assess the strength of the evidence supporting the use of specific interventions or approaches. N Engl J Med 361 (5): 445-54, 2009. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions.
pdq endometrial cancer 2021